![]() Breeds most commonly diagnosed with struvite and calcium oxalate bladder stones included Shih Tzus, Miniature Schnauzer, Bichon Frise, Lhasa Apso, and Yorkshire Terrier. Struvite uroliths were noted to be more common in female dogs and calcium oxalate uroliths in male dogs. Based on the results of tens of thousands of stone analyses, it has been found that the number of struvite bladder stones has been declining in dogs, while the number of calcium oxalate stones has been increasing during the past ten years. Together, struvite and calcium oxalate uroliths have been found to comprise over 85% of all canine uroliths. How common are calcium oxalate bladder stones?īladder stones are somewhat common in dogs, and calcium oxalate bladder stones are the second most common type of stone, second only to struvite stones. In dogs with low populations of Oxalobacter, excess oxalate is secreted in the urine, increasing the likelihood that calcium oxalate crystals and stones can form if the urine is highly concentrated or becomes acidic. Over-usage of antibiotics may reduce numbers of the intestinal bacteria Oxalobacter formigenes whose sole nutrient is oxalate. There are likely other causes of calcium oxalate bladder stones. Recent studies have shown diets that cause high urine acidity (urine pH less than 6.5) may predispose dogs to develop this type of bladder stone. These mineral salts will remain dissolved in the urine as long as the pH stays within a narrow range, and as long as the urine does not become too concentrated.Ĭurrent research indicates that urine high in calcium, citrates, or oxalates and is acidic predisposes a pet to developing calcium oxalate urinary crystals and stones. Normal dog urine is slightly acidic and contains waste products from metabolism including dissolved mineral salts and other compounds. The exact cause of calcium oxalate bladder stones is complex and poorly understood at this time. What causes calcium oxalate bladder stones to form? One of the more common uroliths in the dog is composed of calcium oxalate crystals. There may be a large, single stone or a collection of stones that range in size from sand-like grains to gravel. What are they?īladder stones (uroliths or cystic calculi), are rock-like formations of minerals that form in the urinary bladder, and are more common than kidney stones in dogs. My dog has calcium oxalate bladder stones. ![]()
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